The flute is one of the oldest instruments known in world history. As a result of the researches of archaeologists, it was seen that the first flute emerged as a perforated instrument made of animal bones about 45,000 years ago. The analysed findings prove that the flute is the oldest instrument in the world. This article is written to analyse the historical process of the flute and to explain the contributions of Theobald Boehm in the development of the flute. For this purpose, the historical process of the flute starting from the 10th century and its development over the centuries are analysed and presented. Theobald Boehm, who has an undeniable role in the emergence of the modern flute, has been tried to explain his contributions to flute making and his work on flute mechanism. As a result of Theobald Boehm's extraordinary changes in the flute's pitch system, he contributed greatly to the solution of the instrument's tonality and intonation problems.

Keywords: Flute, Historical process of flute, Flute mechanism, Theobald Boehm